Flag-stone and cement pavement



C. KUHL. FLAG STONE AND CEMENT PAVEMENT.

PatentedJuly 2. 1889.

(No Model.)

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES KUI-IL, OF CINCINNATI, OHIO.

FLAG-STONE AND CEMENT PAVEMENT.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 406,289, dated July 2, 1889.

Application filed February 16, 1889. Serial No. 300,101. (No model.)

zen of the United States, an d a resident of Cincinnati, in the county of Hamilton and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Flag-Stone and Cement Pavements, of which the following is a specification.

In localities where freestone is readily obtained it has been extensively used as a paving-stone, because it is easily dressed and does not become slippery from wear; but when used 011 much-traveled thorougl'fares wears unevenly, so that it becomes necessary to take up the stones, dress them, and again reset them. This is a troublesome and expensive operation, and in many cases the stones are worn so thin as to render it impracticable.

The principal object of my invention is an economical means to repair these pavements without removing the stones from place.

Another object of my invention isto provide the conmon limestone, sandstone, or granite pavenents with a good walking-surface, and thus avoid the eXpense of dressing the stones off even and prevent the pavenent from becoming slippery in wet weather.

I will first describe my invention in connection with the accompanying drawings, after which it will be particularly pointed out in the claims.

Figure 1 is a vertical transverse section of a pavement repaired according to my invention, Fig. 2 is a similar section of the pavement before repair-ing. Fig. 3 is a Vertical longitudinal section through line x x of Fig. 1.

The stones A, as 'seen in Fig. 2,are-first clipped down roughly even with or a little below the lowest worn part, as seen in Figs. 1 and 3. A thin bindin g-coat B, composed of clean fine sand and Portland cement in about equal parts, is then floated over them. After this becomes set I prepare a concrete C, of coarse gravel or finely-broken stone, fine sand, and Portland cement, about two parts of the gravel or broken stone well mixed with a mortar composed of two parts of'sand and one part of Portland cement. This is put 'on to the thickness of about one inch and a half to two inches and tamped down firmly. Then an upper finishiug coat D, of fine sand and Portland cement in about equal parts, is floated on to the depth of three-fourths of an inch 'to an inch, and while the material is still in a plastic state it is severed with a trowel u through to the joints between the stones, and the joints so nade finished with a marker, thus giving the pavement its original appearance. The separation of the concrete pernits it to shrink in setting without cracking irregularly.

In many parts of the country limestone fiagging is extensively used for sidewalks. These stones are found in regular layers of from three to six inches in thickness, and are commonly used without dressing, partly to save the labor, but principally because if dressed they soon wear smooth and are very slippery in rainy weather. In their rough or unfinished state these stones soon weary the feet, especially of persons who wear thin-soled shoes. I find that the finishing coat I have above described, of sand and Portland cement, adheres very firmly to these flag-stones, especially when first taken from the quarry and thoroughly cleaned. After the paving-stones are placed in position I coat their upper surface with this concrete to the thickness of about an inch, then divide the concrete in the same line as the joints between the stones, and finish the joints in the usual manner. lVhen these stone pavements have been used so long that the stones have worn smooth, the surface should be first roughened or bushhammered before applying the coating-surface in order to cause it to adhere firmly.

I find from experience that the proportions I have above given for forming the concretes are the best; but they maybe varied without a departure fronimy invention, and it is also evident that the coarse concrete- O may be omitted from the first-described pavement and the fine concrete alone used; but in the latter case the pavement would be no better and would cost much more to repair i-t.

hat I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The combination, in a pavement, of the stones roughened upon the upper surface, the binding-coat B, placed on the same, the coarse IOO eone'ete C, and the finishing eoat D, the whole arranged and the block divided, Substantially as specified.

2. The method herein described of repairing stone pevements, which consists of the following steps: first, eutting down and ronghening the nneven snrfztces of the Stones; Second, eoating the upper surface With a bindin g-eo-t of cement and send; third,pl teingon the same :L eonerete eoating composed of Io eoarse stone, send, and Portland cement; fourth, plaeing upon the eoarse eonerete :L finishing eoat of fine send and Portland eenent, snbstnntialiy as Specified.

` CHAS. KUIIL.

\Vtnesses:

BEN B. DALE, M. L. MURRAY. 

